Ants Ingeniously Modify Nests to Ward Off Epidemics

Recent research reveals that certain ant species adeptly modify their nest structures to combat the spread of pathogens. This remarkable behavior may inspire future strategies for disease control in human settings.

Ant Behavior Against Epidemics

The focus of this study is the black garden ant, Lasius niger, commonly found throughout Europe. These ants display fascinating social structures and behaviors, particularly in response to diseases. Nathalie Stroeymeyt, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Bristol, leads the investigation into their interactions with a lethal fungus.

Self-Isolation and Social Distancing

• Infected worker ants quickly self-isolate to reduce contagion risk within their colonies.
• Healthy worker ants, particularly those caring for the queen and larvae, maintain greater distances from foraging ants, who are more susceptible to infection.

This proactive approach mirrors human social distancing, showcasing how ants modify their social behaviors to ensure colony health and safety.

Nest Modification in Response to Pathogens

The research also examined how these ants change their nesting strategies when faced with a health threat. Stroeymeyt, along with systems biologist Luke Leckie from Indiana University, conducted experiments by introducing infected ants into small colonies. They used CT scans to monitor nest development over time.

Structural Changes Observed

• Within six days of exposure to the pathogen, significant changes in nest architecture were recorded.
• Infested nests displayed more compartmentalization and reduced connectivity compared to non-infested nests.
• Entrance spacing increased, leading to longer travel routes, which, while making the nests less efficient, helped in slowing disease transmission.

This study represents the first documented case of social insects modifying their habitat in response to threats, showcasing their adaptability.

Implications for Disease Control

The findings, published in the journal Science, enhance our understanding of “social immunity” found in various ant and bee species. This concept highlights how collective action can serve as a powerful tool against disease spread.

Sarah Kocher, an evolutionary biologist at Princeton University, notes the implications of this research for human society. By adopting principles similar to those used by ants, urban planners and public health officials could design spaces that minimize disease transmission.

• Protecting vulnerable individuals within communities.
• Incorporating isolation tactics within environments.

Overall, these insights from ant behavior offer a unique perspective on disease management strategies, potentially leading to healthier public spaces.