UN Security Council Endorses Morocco’s Western Sahara Plan

The UN Security Council has formally endorsed Morocco’s autonomy plan for the disputed territory of Western Sahara, supporting its claims amidst a long-standing conflict. This resolution emphasizes that genuine autonomy under Moroccan sovereignty could be a viable solution to a dispute that has persisted since Spain’s departure from the region in 1975.

Background of the Conflict

Western Sahara, an area roughly the size of Britain, has been central to Africa’s longest-running territorial dispute. Morocco annexed the region after Spain withdrew. The ongoing conflict is primarily between Morocco and the Algeria-backed Polisario Front, which seeks the establishment of an independent state known as the Sahrawi Republic.

UN Security Council Resolution Details

On Friday, the Security Council adopted a resolution, drafted by the United States, urging both parties to engage in negotiations based on Morocco’s autonomy plan. This plan was presented to the UN in 2007. The resolution was passed with 11 members voting in favor, while Russia, China, and Pakistan abstained, and Algeria did not cast a vote.

Engagement for Peace

After the vote, U.S. Ambassador Mike Waltz emphasized the need for serious discussions in the coming weeks. “We believe regional peace is possible this year,” he stated, highlighting the U.S. commitment to facilitating progress in the region.

The Autonomy Proposal

Morocco’s proposal aims to establish a local governing authority in Western Sahara, elected by its residents. This autonomy would allow for local legislative, executive, and judicial powers, while Morocco would retain control over defense, foreign affairs, and religious matters. In contrast, the Polisario Front advocates for a referendum that includes independence as an option.

Responses and Reactions

• Morocco’s King Mohammed VI expressed pride in the vote and emphasized the importance of a “brotherly dialogue” with Algeria.
• Celebrations erupted across Moroccan cities following the endorsement, with citizens waving flags and chanting patriotic slogans.
• Polisario Front representatives cautioned that the resolution does not acknowledge Moroccan sovereignty and indicated a future assessment of its implications.

Strategic Review and Future Steps

The resolution instructs UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres to conduct a review of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) within six months, considering the negotiations’ outcomes. Additionally, the U.S. and France reaffirmed support for Morocco’s sovereignty and encouraged investments in the region.

Shifting International Perspectives

Support for Morocco’s stance on Western Sahara has grown among European nations, with Spain and the UK indicating backing for autonomy under Moroccan sovereignty. This shift reflects a change in foreign policy dynamics within the European Union regarding the issue.