UN Security Council Endorses Morocco’s Western Sahara Plan in Notable Shift

The U.N. Security Council has recently approved a resolution that supports Morocco’s claim over the disputed territory of Western Sahara. This development marks a significant shift, reflecting the Trump administration’s backing of Morocco’s sovereignty over the region.

Details of the Resolution

This resolution represents the strongest endorsement of Morocco’s autonomy plan yet. It was voted on by the Security Council on a divided basis, with the United States leading 11 countries in favor. Notably, three countries—Russia, China, and Pakistan—abstained from the vote. Algeria, a key ally of the pro-independence Polisario Front, did not participate.

Key Quotes and Reactions

• Mike Waltz, U.S. ambassador to the U.N., described the event as a “historic vote” that promotes peace in Western Sahara.
• King Mohammed VI of Morocco celebrated the outcome, asserting intentions to enhance Morocco’s proposal and engage in dialogue with Algeria’s President Abdelmadjid Tebboune.
• Sidi Mohamed Omar, the Polisario ambassador to the U.N., emphasized that the resolution does not recognize Morocco’s sovereignty over Western Sahara.

Historical Context

Western Sahara, a phosphate-rich territory, was controlled by Spain until 1975. Since then, Morocco and the Polisario Front, which claims to represent the indigenous Sahrawi people, have contested ownership. The Polisario, which operates from refugee camps in Algeria, has consistently advocated for self-determination, including the possibility of independence.

Current Dynamics

The U.N. resolution encourages all parties to capitalize on the opportunity for lasting peace. It extends the U.N. peacekeeping mission in Western Sahara for another year, a mandate that has been in place for over three decades. Notably, previous resolutions have not referenced Morocco’s preferred outcomes regarding the territory.

Implications and Future Outlook

The resolution could lead to significant shifts in the long-stalled negotiations surrounding Western Sahara. Both Morocco and the Polisario have their own perspectives on the conflict. Morocco views the current support for its autonomy plan as essential for diplomatic relations.

Recent statements by U.S. officials indicate ongoing support for Morocco, with indications that peace between Morocco and Algeria could be achieved. However, tensions remain, and pro-independence demonstrations have occurred within Sahrawi camps in Algeria in response to the current political moves.

Long-Term Conflict

Morocco controls nearly all of Western Sahara, apart from a small buffer zone known as the “free zone.” A 1991 ceasefire was meant to facilitate a referendum on self-determination, which has yet to occur due to disputes over voter eligibility.

While Morocco has developed infrastructure in the area, including ports and roads, the Polisario Front has resumed military activities, challenging the ceasefire’s terms. The situation remains a central issue in North African diplomacy.

As discussions continue, the U.N. may reassess its role, especially in light of funding cuts proposed by the U.S. regarding peacekeeping operations and other U.N. programs.