Declining Birth Rate in Czechia Puts Pressure on Workforce and Living Expenses

Czechia is facing a severe demographic crisis, the most significant in its recorded history. Recent reports indicate that fertility rates have plummeted to alarming lows, creating strain on the workforce and living expenses.

Declining Birth Rate in Czechia: Current Stats

Data from the Czech Statistical Office reveals that the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) fell to 1.37 children per woman in 2024, marking the lowest figure since tracking began in 1806. The situation worsened in the first half of 2024, with only 37,435 births recorded. Demographers predict that this year may see fewer than 75,000 total births, setting a historic low.

Experts Weigh In

Jiřina Kocourková, head of the Department of Demography at Charles University, highlighted the crisis in an interview. She noted, “We are now recording a truly unprecedented decline in fertility to a level that could reach 1.25 for the current year.”

Negative Migration Trends

Adding to the demographic woes, Czechia has seen a shift in migration patterns. Preliminary data indicates a negative migration balance of -7.6 thousand in the first half of 2024. This exodus largely involves residents whose temporary protection status has lapsed. Such population loss is particularly concerning as the country faces a growing need for workers.

Future Implications

Without timely intervention, projections show that the percentage of residents aged 65 and older could rise from 20% today to 30% by 2050. This demographic shift would place increased fiscal pressure on a dwindling workforce.

Political Instability and Its Effect on Policy

The resignation of Prime Minister Petr Fiala’s government on November 6, 2025, has further complicated efforts to address these issues. According to a report from VisaHQ, the anticipated 2026 economic migration quota decree may be delayed due to a lack of political clarity. The ongoing political instability has effectively frozen necessary reforms in immigration and labor policies.

The Role of Child Benefits

As the incoming coalition led by Andrej Babiš’s ANO party proposes increased child benefits, analysts remain skeptical about the effectiveness of these measures. Although the coalition promises enhanced tax deductions for the fourth child and beyond, many believe these initiatives will not significantly reverse the declining birth rate.

Barriers to Higher Birth Rates

• Economic uncertainty
• Unaffordable housing
• Lack of substantial government support

Demographer Eva Waldaufová pointed out that while most people still desire to have two children, economic factors dampen these intentions. She noted that “realistic intentions remain lower” primarily due to structural economic challenges.

The situation in Czechia requires urgent attention. Balancing demographic changes with effective policy responses is critical for future stability.