Exploring the Rise of Ethnic Nationalism in North Macedonia Opinion Analysis
North Macedonia’s ethnic nationalism has become increasingly relevant, impacting local governance and community representation. The 2025 local elections, held on October 19 and concluded with run-offs on November 2, showcased these dynamics amid a region characterized by ethnic diversity and historical complexity.
Significant Election Insights
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) undertook one of its largest monitoring operations during these elections, emphasizing the importance of political stability in the region. Despite this, voter turnout reached its lowest since the country’s independence in 1991, reflecting a pervasive voter apathy.
- First-round mayoral results: VMRO-DPMNE (33), VLEN (5), SDSM (3), NAI (3)
- Second-round outcome: VMRO-DPMNE won over two-thirds of contested mayoral spots.
These election results underscore a complex interplay of ethnic interests, advocating for more substantial representation from various groups within the country.
Ethnically Diverse Regions
North Macedonia is home to several distinct ethnic communities which add layers of complexity to its political landscape. Notable enclaves include:
- Vevčani: Often referred to as the “Republic of Vevčani,” it remains an Orthodox Christian enclave surrounded by predominantly Muslim villages.
- Skopje’s Old Bazaar: Characterized by its Ottoman architecture and local ethnic Turkish community.
- Shutka (Šuto Orizari): Contains the world’s largest concentration of Roma, recognized as the only municipality run by the Roma.
The Roma Community in Focus
Shutka exemplifies a unique case of Roma self-governance, where over 80% of the population identifies as Roma. This municipality officially recognizes Romani as its language and has become a vibrant center for Roma culture. The local government provides essential services, although challenges remain.
Approximately 200,000 Roma live across North Macedonia, with around 50,000 residing in Shutka. Many Roma continue to advocate for improved political representation and resources.
Challenges Faced by the Roma
Despite achieving some localized governance, the Shutka municipality wrestles with numerous socioeconomic challenges:
- High unemployment rates, especially among Roma.
- Lack of access to basic services, such as clean water and healthcare.
- Education gaps, where only 11% of Roma complete high school compared to 60% of the general population.
These conditions amplify the demand for better representation and resources within the broader Macedonian political framework.
Future Implications
The 2025 local elections serve as a microcosm of evolving ethnic identities in North Macedonia. They highlight an emergent trend toward “enclave politics,” as various ethnic groups seek to assert their identities politically and socially.
As North Macedonia navigates its complex ethnic landscape amidst aspirations for EU integration, the voices of its diverse communities will shape the future of governance in the country. The path forward marks a critical juncture for addressing the political and social rights of all ethnicities.
